ischemia–reperfusion injury model #2

PO Rat Diabetes Model

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Model Introduction

The PO rat (Psammonys obesus, or Sand Rat) is a desert-dwelling rodent. The core principle of this model lies in its significant innate characteristic of insulin resistance. Under normal environmental conditions, its blood glucose and insulin levels remain normal; however, when induced by a high-calorie diet (from several days to two weeks), approximately 90% of PO rats will spontaneously develop hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, eventually entering a hypoinsulinemic-hyperglycemic stage due to impaired pancreatic β-cell secretory function.

Research Applications

  1. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) Research: Used to simulate the pathological evolution from insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia to β-cell failure.
  2. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Research: Because PO rats exhibit insulin dependence in late-stage diabetes and pancreatic histology shows insulitis, they are considered suitable for research related to LADA.

Key Points of Experimental Design

  1. Modeling Factor: Induction via a high-calorie diet.
  2. Induction Period: Usually several days to two weeks.
  3. Disease Stages:
    • Initial Stage: Normal blood glucose and serum insulin levels.
    • Hyperinsulinemic Stage: Normal blood glucose, but significantly elevated serum insulin.
    • Hyperinsulinemic and Hyperglycemic Stage: Elevated blood glucose levels (>11.1 mmol/L).
    • Hypoinsulinemic and Hyperglycemic Stage: Impaired pancreatic β-cell function, decreased insulin levels, requiring exogenous insulin for survival.

Key Monitoring Indicators

  1. Biochemical Indicators:
    • Blood Glucose Levels: Monitoring whether blood glucose exceeds 11.1 mmol/L to determine the entry into the hyperglycemic stage.
    • Serum Insulin Levels: Observing the dynamic changes of insulin from compensatory elevation to secretory failure.
  2. Pathological Indicators:
    • Pancreatic Histological Observation: Detecting the presence of insulitis.
  3. Survival Characteristics:
    • Insulin Dependence: Evaluating whether late-stage rats must receive insulin treatment to maintain survival.

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